出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)專題頻道GRE作文技巧欄目,提供與GRE作文技巧相關(guān)的所有資訊,希望我們所做的能讓您感到滿意!
備考寫作最常見的方法是閱讀范文,吸取經(jīng)驗,可除了看看范文,自己多寫多練以外還要注意積累素材,各方面的知識都要懂一點,對于話題素材也要更加重視,出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)GRE小編為你搜集整理了《GRE寫作素材:批判性思維》,希望對你有所幫助。
GRE寫作素材之批判性思維Critical Thinking,以下GRE寫作素材供考生們參考。
【何謂批判性思維】
Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally. It includes the ability to engage in reflective and independent thinking. Someone with critical thinking skills is able to do the following:
Raises vital questions and problems, formulating them clearly and precisely;
Gathers and assesses relevant information, using abstract ideas to interpret it effectively;
Comes to well-reasoned conclusions and solutions,
testing them against relevant criteria and standards;
Thinks open-mindedly within alternative systems of thought, recognizing and assessing, as need be, their assumptions, implications, and practical consequences; and
Communicates effectively with others in figuring out solutions to complex problems.
【批判性人才的品質(zhì)】
Robert Ennis identifies 13 attributes of critical thinkers. They tend to:
Be open-minded,
Take or change a position based on evidence,
Take the entire situation into account,
Seek information,
Seek precision in information,
Deal in an orderly manner with parts of a complex whole,
Look for options,
08-13
GRE閱讀量很大包括寫作,新GRE寫作要求考生在30分鐘+30分鐘內(nèi)分別完成兩篇文章,它是美國所有作文考試中時間最長而質(zhì)量要求最高的一類作文考試。所以我們一定要做好充分的準(zhǔn)備,應(yīng)付這場硬戰(zhàn)。下面隨小編來看看《GRE閱讀的倒裝句解析》。
某些情況往往說話人也會為了某種修辭目的采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),修辭目的的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)以文學(xué)作品居多。通常在考試的情況下,試題命題人往往會出于某種迷惑考生的目的,有意將句子結(jié)構(gòu)進行改寫,在新GRE閱讀理解的很多文章中我們都可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這種情況。下面我們就結(jié)合幾個典型的實例來對倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)進行分析常見倒裝搭配的幾種情況:
及物動詞加介詞:固定詞組的固定搭配中,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)倒裝情況。
例如:bring A to B,寫作:Bring to B A例:Yet Walter’s argument , however deficient , does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
翻譯:然而,沃爾澤的論點,無論它不充分到何種地步,確實揭示了資本主義體制中最為嚴(yán)重的一個弱點,即它將某一類人置于社會中的顯赫位置,這類人無論以怎樣合法的手段獲得了其物質(zhì)報酬,卻常常缺乏其它那些能喚起他人愛戴和欽佩的品質(zhì)。
如果從bring A to B的角度去分析這個句子,則這個句子應(yīng)該將people who....or admiration寫到it brings 后面,之所以原句子不這樣做,則遵循了英語的句尾信息焦點原則,從而尾部信息成為一種受到強調(diào)的部位.根據(jù)這條原則,說話人要強調(diào)什么意思,便可以讓他出現(xiàn)在句子的句尾,而傳遞的信息便主次分明了.句尾信息焦點和“尾重”原則就是采用這一原理.對比下面這兩句話:
The patient was taken good care of, and began to recover immediately.
The patient was taken good care of, and immediately began to recover.
這兩個句子的意思都是病人受到了很好的照顧,很快開始康復(fù)。但第一句的意義重心是immediately, 強調(diào)了康復(fù)的速度,而第二句的意義重心則在于“康復(fù)”而不強調(diào)“馬上”。
另外上面的第一個例句中的倒裝部分還考慮了一個因素,那就是使之讀起來不至于讓人產(chǎn)生頭重腳輕的感覺,而"people who....or admiration"帶有一個較長的定語從句,所以就放在了末尾,另外作者在本句中所強調(diào)的部分顯然是"often lack those other qualities that evoke affection...
08-13
GRE閱讀量很大包括寫作,新GRE寫作要求考生在30分鐘+30分鐘內(nèi)分別完成兩篇文章,它是美國所有作文考試中時間最長而質(zhì)量要求最高的一類作文考試。所以我們一定要做好充分的準(zhǔn)備,應(yīng)付這場硬戰(zhàn)。下面隨小編來看看《GRE寫作經(jīng)典句式》。
1、使用否定的時候,比如:什么什么對個人不好,對社會也不好。為什么不來個倒裝?Never/neither/nor/seldom/rarely/on no account + is…
2、當(dāng)你想表達“如果怎么怎么樣,就是另外一種情況”—虛擬語氣。為什么不來個虛擬倒裝?Were(Had) it…,something would......
3、強調(diào)句的使用:It is people who…/ it is something that…
4、讓步句式的使用:“無論什么樣的情況下”However[No matter how] whatever[no matter what]等等….
還有一種Cogent as this response is, it has some minor errors. Somewhat reasonable as the issue presents, it does not experience a case-by- case examination.
還有比較常用的although... It should be admittedly that…,however it does not follow that/
5、疑問句。用于開頭,來個設(shè)問句,在自問自答,提出自己觀點;用于段中,比如舉設(shè)想的例子:Can you imagine that…?/ How can one imagine…?
6、定語從句(這個大家一般用的比較熟練,但是注意不要太羅嗦…society where(in which)…,/ something on which we depend (on which…based)
7、The more…the more…句式的使用。人們越幸福,社會越穩(wěn)定啦、等等。
8、Not only…but also的使用。很好用的,ETS經(jīng)典的6分范文:專才VS通才不就用了兩個嘛?
9、without的使用。從反面說,很是能夠增加字?jǐn)?shù)。還是那篇范文的結(jié)尾,就來了兩個非常妙的without。
10、還有一些比較常用的:There is no denying that…/ there is no doubt that…
11、還有imong的一個句子:So powerful the scandal is that Watergate became the talk of the world.如此..以至于..
...
GRE的作文題是從公開的寫作題庫中隨機抽取的,這看似開卷形式的考試卻一點都不簡單。題量大,時間緊,考生根本無法一一準(zhǔn)備,或許碰運氣能碰上有練過的,但這種小概率事件不提倡僥幸心理。所以,考生可以準(zhǔn)備一些GRE寫作模板,下面是出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)為您搜集整理的《GRE作文模板》,包括開頭、論據(jù)、論證以及結(jié)尾段等,希望對您的GRE寫作能力能有所提升。
一. 開頭
In the argument, the …(主題對象) recommends that …(對結(jié)論做論述,基本上可以抄原文,用另外一種方式表達即可). To support this recommendation the argument point out that …(說明文章用了什么論據(jù)去證明觀點了,同上抄襲即可) however …This argument is logically flawed in several critical respects (說明這篇文章邏輯上是有缺陷的).
二. 論據(jù)
1. 調(diào)查結(jié)果沒有證據(jù)申明
To begin with, the argument depends on the assumption that… (闡述說出了一個沒有根據(jù)的申明,并說出文中的原因) —rather than for some other reasons. Yet it is entirely possible that… (說明這種猜測可能的原因) or some other factor. Without ruling out all other reasons why… (重述這個申明)…(說出反方向的結(jié)論).
2. 提到了樣本,但是數(shù)據(jù)不具有代表性(數(shù)據(jù)不夠)
Firstly, the author provides no evidence that the survey is statistically reliable. Perhaps the survey’s sample is not sufficient in size or representative of the quality of …(說明對象的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量不夠) For that matter, this survey is not strong enough to establish causation between… (在這里列出原因和結(jié)果,做比較) However, the other reasons of the survey which (敘述其他原因下的情況). As a result, without the evidence that the survey is statistically reliable the author cannot justifiably draw any conclusion by relying on this survey.
3. 猜測,但是沒有證據(jù)
Thirdly, the argument assumes that… (闡述文中的猜測) However, the letter provi...
06-21
GRE作文拿高分不太容易,為了打好有把握的戰(zhàn),大家還需要認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí)具體的詞匯,閱讀相關(guān)文章為寫作做好準(zhǔn)備,還需要其他的一些寫作技巧,背誦范文、準(zhǔn)備例句、撰寫事實都是經(jīng)常采用的手段,還可以再加一些漂亮的句式。下面由出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)GRE欄目的小編給大家整理了《怎樣構(gòu)思GRE作文》,希望對你的GRE的閱讀考試有幫助哦。
1、使用否定的時候,比如:什么什么對個人不好,對社會也不好。為什么不來個倒裝?Never/neither/nor/seldom/rarely/on no account + is…
2、當(dāng)你想表達“如果怎么怎么樣,就是另外一種情況”—虛擬語氣。為什么不來個虛擬倒裝?Were(Had) it…,something would......
3、強調(diào)句的使用:It is people who…/ it is something that…
4、讓步句式的使用:“無論什么樣的情況下”However[No matter how] whatever[no matter what]等等….
還有一種Cogent as this response is, it has some minor errors. Somewhat reasonable as the issue presents, it does not experience a case-by- case examination.
還有比較常用的although... It should be admittedly that…,however it does not follow that/
5、疑問句。用于開頭,來個設(shè)問句,在自問自答,提出自己觀點;用于段中,比如舉設(shè)想的例子:Can you imagine that…?/ How can one imagine…?
6、定語從句(這個大家一般用的比較熟練,但是注意不要太羅嗦…society where(in which)…,/ something on which we depend (on which…based)
7、The more…the more…句式的使用。人們越幸福,社會越穩(wěn)定啦、等等。
8、Not only…but also的使用。很好用的,ETS經(jīng)典的6分范文:專才VS通才不就用了兩個嘛?
9、without的使用。從反面說,很是能夠增加字?jǐn)?shù)。還是那篇范文的結(jié)尾,就來了兩個非常妙的without。
10、還有一些比較常用的:There is no denying that…/ there is no doubt that…
11、還有imong的一個句子:So powerful the scandal is that Watergate became the talk of the world.如此..以至于..
GRE作文考試也算是一種規(guī)劃,構(gòu)思、選材、前期儲備、后期加工都表現(xiàn)在這個地方。如何在最短的時間里最讓別人青睞,還需要多花一些心思,盡量發(fā)揮自己的...
《GRE作文技巧》是由出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)GRE欄目小編為您提供,供廣大考生參考。詳情您可以收錄出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)GRE欄目。
"Unfortunately, the media tend to highlight what is sensational at the moment. Society would be better served if the media reported or focused more fully on events and trends that will ultimately have the most long- term significance."
The speaker asserts that rather than merely highlighting certain sensational events the media should provide complete coverage of more important events. While the speaker’s assertion has merit from a normative standpoint, in the final analysis I find this assertion indefensible.
個人認(rèn)為這一段最后一句可以背掉放入自己建立的句子庫內(nèi)。
運用了讓步的手法,先是分析原作為何出此觀點的原因,然后再駁斥,提出自己的“正確”觀點。我們要特別留意第一句的架構(gòu),雖然過分復(fù)雜,但是好像ets就是喜歡這種變態(tài)句子。
However, for several reasons I find the media’s current trend toward highlights and the sensational to be justifiable. First, the world is becoming an increasingly eventful place; thus with each passing year it becomes a more onerous task for the media to attempt full news coverage. Second, we are becoming an increasingly busy society. The average U.S. worker spends nearly 60 hours per week at work now; and in most families both spouses work.
從現(xiàn)實需要和事實證明兩方面來駁斥原文觀點,這一手法不妨借鑒。必須補充的是,運用的”First,…second…”這樣的分層次分析使得結(jié)構(gòu)鮮明,表意清晰也是值得學(xué)習(xí)的。
最后一段照例總結(jié),還可以。
得分:從語言的復(fù)雜度和內(nèi)容的深刻度,=5分!
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題目:
In order for any work of art—whether film, literature, sculpture, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.
任何的藝術(shù)作品為了有價值,例如電影、文學(xué)、雕塑或者歌曲,都必須讓大多數(shù)人易于理解。
正文:
The speaker's assertion that art must be understandable to most people to have merit is wrongheaded. Misunderstanding the very nature of work of art, the speaker fails to recognize the final objective of art, which has less to do with the majority appreciation than with individual satisfaction.
Turning first to the function of art, which we have a way of thinking, is provision of pleasure to most people at its most common place. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. According to what Freud has said, art, in essence, is a kind of release of individual lust, converting the human libido into plentiful creativity. It is through the work of art that artists express their passions, emotions, and desires. From this we can see, art is therefore, first and foremost, concerning with the inner world rather than with the outside one as a whole. The film <8/1/2> directed by the famous Italian director Federico Fellini brings immediately to mind. Albeit appreciated by only a tiny fraction of the sophisticated film critics, this great autobiographic film explores the director’s innermost being and still wins the world's highest honor. The...
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1.text that is substantially similar to that found in one or more other GRE essay responses.
2.quoting or paraphrasing,without attribution,language or ideas that appear in published or unpublished sources.
3.unacknowledged use of work that has been produced through collaboration with others without citation of the contribution of others.
4.essays that are submitted as work of the examinee when the ideas or words have,in fact,been borrowed from elsewhere or prepared by another person.
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下面是新GRE寫作論證的時候例子用法的詳細解讀和分析,供GRE考生參考和借鑒。
為什么要用例子?
用現(xiàn)實或者虛擬的事情,闡明或者加強自己的論證。所以一定要注意,自己用的例子,有沒有把之前的論證弄的更清楚了而不是更復(fù)雜,加強了而不是削弱或者偏離了自己的論證。
同時不會讓自己的論證特別干巴巴.
是不是一定要用例子?
不一定,全文都是例子,也會覺得疲勞,特別是當(dāng)你的例子不是那么貼切,或者說,表述起來太麻煩的時候。
什么樣的例子是好例子?
之前說了,要緊貼自己的論證的。并且要能容易理解的,所以需要美國人有一定認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ)的事情,并且是符合他們價值觀的。比如說,伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭,我們可能會覺得是干涉內(nèi)政,破壞和平,但是在美國人立場上來看,主流的態(tài)度是,反恐是值得的,代價是巨大的。
例子需要是比較強一點的例子,不能不疼不癢的,不能讓別人看到了以后覺得,“恩,你說的這個事情當(dāng)然是這樣的。但是你有沒有考慮過更棘手一點的情況?!?當(dāng)然,我們不能寫太棘手的情況,像電車悖論這樣的,雖然深入,但是沒法掌控。
最后例子也不能太有局限性。比如說,我們想證明想象力比知識重要。舉例說了科學(xué)。那么別人看來就會說“這里只有一個領(lǐng)域,其他領(lǐng)域是什么情況呢?” 解決這個問題,就需要你列舉不同的領(lǐng)域,或者是,寫科學(xué),然后寫為什么其他領(lǐng)域和科學(xué)里面是一樣的。
例子該如何寫?
前面也說過一些要領(lǐng)了:一定要緊貼論證的思路,不能散了;要盡量寫清楚,不要寫復(fù)雜了。
不要提供不相關(guān)的信息,和大家眾所周知又對你論證不是非常必要的內(nèi)容。舉個不恰當(dāng)?shù)睦?,說愛因斯坦和相對論的時候,不需要說愛因斯坦的其他理論;說萊特兄弟發(fā)明飛機的時候,沒有必要說他們當(dāng)時在哪個州。這些看似比較顯而易見,但是如果自己比較隨意,就會有很多不相關(guān)的信息傳遞出去。
不能只提供例子,不提供對例子的分析,哪怕只有一句話。例子出現(xiàn)的時刻,應(yīng)該是分析到了一定程度,水到渠成了自然出現(xiàn)。然后例子之后,最好再加1-2句為什么這個例子能支撐我的觀點,或者是,我們能從這個例子看出什么,或者是,這個例子為什么很重要。這樣就顯得飽滿。
從上面幾個要點,大家也能看出來,例子其實不能展得太開。一個觀點段,大概只有6-8句話。那么例子差不多也就2句話。有些例子可能只有一句話,或者只有一個such as blablabla. 一定要精練,例子才能成為文章的亮點和助力。
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拆分法
分析題目極為有效的一種手段,其基本原理就是面對一個云山霧罩的抽象的大的概念,將其一分為二或者一分為多進行分別討論。
解析法
通過對題目主體的需求進行分析,從而找到支持論證的有說服力的理由與典型的論據(jù)。主體需求,可以是個人,教育,社會,政府與文化發(fā)展等方面的需求。
正反法
對題目的主張或者結(jié)論分成兩面分析。沒有絕對對錯,哪邊理由與例證多我們走哪邊。也可寫成讓步式或者對照式兩面論證。
比較法
適用于題干中兩個對等概念的比較。
這四種解題辦法可以交替結(jié)合使用,我們一起來看一下典型的例子:
例子:"Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study.They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively."
相信這個題會比較簡單。大的概念是Study是否需要質(zhì)疑,要看學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容。
1.如果是Well established principles and theories,就別質(zhì)疑爭議了吧?各專業(yè)的同學(xué)可以列舉出一堆這樣的內(nèi)容。
2.如果是Controversial issues,就質(zhì)疑爭議好了。找你最有話可說的領(lǐng)域爭議一番。
最好寫的可質(zhì)疑爭議內(nèi)容包括:Stem cell research,abortion,same sex marriage,nuclear power 等。
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