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      出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)toefl作文

      出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)專題頻道toefl作文欄目,提供與toefl作文相關(guān)的所有資訊,希望我們所做的能讓您感到滿意!

      2013年4月托??荚囕o導(dǎo):toefl作文寫作詞匯的用法

      04-09

      標(biāo)簽: toefl作文 托福寫作詞匯

       

        托福寫作詞匯使用有3大技巧:托福寫作高分 的必要因素包括準(zhǔn)確的詞匯和詞組;嚴(yán)密的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu),有力的主題和論據(jù)等。一般來說,托福寫作詞匯使用有3方面的技巧:選詞時要符合語言習(xí)慣并與社會文化諸多背景一致;選詞時要考慮主題、對象及情景;應(yīng)把握好英語和漢語詞匯無法對應(yīng)的部分。

        一般來說,要把握選詞的準(zhǔn)確性, 可以從下面三方面入手:

        1、選詞時要符合語言習(xí)慣并與社會文化諸多背景一致

        例如,英美人對landlord和peasant兩詞的理解與中國人截然不同。英美人對前者的理解首先是“房東”,然后才是“地主”;而 peasant一詞對他們來說意味著“粗俗”與“無知”,此詞多少帶有貶義色彩。再如propaganda一詞在中國并不帶有西方人所理解的貶意;而 First lady (第一夫人)絕不能理解為漢語的原配夫人,因此在寫作中應(yīng)特別注意這類詞,否則會導(dǎo)致冒犯和誤解。由于東西方社會歷史文化的差異,許多詞所引申或代表的內(nèi)容也大相徑庭,Phoenix在西方象征“復(fù)活”、“再生”,而漢語的這一詞卻表示“祥瑞”。Peach在漢語中象征“長壽”而在英語中卻用以指代“特別討人喜愛的人或物”。又比如在表示色彩的詞中g(shù)reen是青春的顏色,常表示希望、活力,但在英語中g(shù)reen又與“妒忌” (to be green with envy,green-eyed)和“沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”(a green horn)聯(lián)系起來。如果沒有廣泛的閱讀積累,養(yǎng)成經(jīng)常查字典的良好習(xí)慣,單憑想當(dāng)然地選詞,勢必會詞不達(dá)意。即使同一事物,在美國和英國也可能有不同 http://toefl.533.com的表達(dá)。例如:corn一詞在美國指“玉米”而在英國泛指“谷物”;“地鐵”在英國用tube或 underground美國則用subway。此類的例子還有pavement/sidewalk, Chemists‘ shop/drug store等。

        2、在英語寫作中特別要注意區(qū)分同義詞,選詞時要考慮主題、對象及情景

        由于歷史的原因,現(xiàn)代英語除本族語外,還包括大量的法語和拉丁來源的飼,這就使英語的同義詞相當(dāng)豐富??偟膩碇v,英語本族語大多是短詞,小詞,聽起來樸素)親切,大量用于口頭表達(dá):法語來源的詞莊重文雅,多與行政、宗教、軍事、服飾等有關(guān);拉丁來源的詞,書卷味濃, 如ask,question,inter-rogate這三個不同來源的同義詞在不同的主題、對象、情景下用法就不一樣。同義詞除了來源的不同會影響措詞的選擇外,它們在程度、感情色彩上也有不同。比如“瘦”可以用slender,slim,lean, thin,underweight,gaunt, lanky,skinny等來表達(dá),而sleder表示“苗條”是褒義的,skinny卻是貶義的,underweight則是中性的詞。即使同是褒義詞,表達(dá)的感情色彩也不同。比如little和petite兩個同義詞當(dāng)用來描繪女子時,都意為“個子小”的,但petite同時還有“勻稱”的意義,而 little更強(qiáng)調(diào)“可愛的”或“可憐的”,根據(jù)不同的上下文,它還有“http://toefl.533.com纖小”、“嬌小”或“弱小”等不同意義。因此在選詞表達(dá)思想時,一定要分清主題,對象及情景。

        另外,讓中國學(xué)生頭痛的是一些同義詞的習(xí)慣搭配。比如large和big都...

      2013年4月托??荚囕o導(dǎo):toefl作文寫作結(jié)尾怎么寫

      04-09

      標(biāo)簽: toefl作文 托福寫作

       

        一、重申立場

        "It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life."

        In conclusion, given the growing demands of career on today's professionals, a fulfilling personal life remains possible by working smarter, by setting priorities, and by making suitable career choices.

        二、重申立場+總結(jié)理由

        "Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities."

        In conclusion, schools should not devote less time to the arts and humanities. These areas of study augment and enhance learning in mathematics and science, as well as helping to preserve the richness of our entire human legacy while inspiring us to further it. Moreover, disciplines within the humanities provide methods and contexts for evaluating the morality of our technology and for determining its proper direction.

        三、讓步+重申立場

        "Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity."

        In the final analysis, the statement correctly identifies job performance as the single best criterion for salary and job security. However, the ...

      2013年4月托??荚囕o導(dǎo):toefl作文寫作應(yīng)試技巧

      04-09

      標(biāo)簽: toefl作文 托福寫作

       

        本文重點(diǎn)講述其中的兩個非常重要的寫作原則,我把它們稱之為“言簡樸實(shí)原則”和“平等相處原則”。

        新托福作為國外類考試之一,寫作行文的地道不僅反映了考生的寫作水平,更體現(xiàn)了考生的思維方式和能力。 托福寫作不如口語那么白話文式,也不如GRE類寫作那么學(xué)術(shù)性強(qiáng),但是這并不影響用詞的表達(dá)地道。

        一、言簡樸實(shí)原則

        所謂“言簡樸實(shí)原則”,就是行文不啰嗦,句子應(yīng)越短越好,如果一個字能說清楚的,就不要用兩個字。

        例如:At this point in time,we should pull together for our goal. 現(xiàn)在我們應(yīng)該為我們的目標(biāo)團(tuán)結(jié)一致。

        這句話中“At this point in time”表示“現(xiàn)在”,我們完全可以用now來代替。

        In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office. 他通常喜歡騎單車到辦公室。

        很簡單的一句話,完全可以寫成 He usually likes to ride bike to the office。

        平時我們所說的用詞多樣化和地道并不是體現(xiàn)在這些時間副詞或者是完全可以簡化的啰嗦句型上,而是指實(shí)用性極強(qiáng)的詞如動詞和形容詞,比如:

        Original:Solving trivial problems in the dorm will add your social experience and help you to understand other people's feelings and learn to be kind。

        Revised: Solving trivial problems in the dorm will enrich your social experience and help you to understand other people's feelings and learn to be considerate。

        add,kind表達(dá)的含義都比較寬泛。 add可以指數(shù)量上的增加,也可以指程度的加強(qiáng),對于“豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)、增加知識”這個意思,用enrich會使表達(dá)更準(zhǔn)確。

        kind從字面意義上講是“好的、善良的”, 廈門托福 用kind來形容人無法具體地表現(xiàn)出一個人的性格特征到底怎樣,原句中是想表達(dá)“考慮周到、體貼入微”的特點(diǎn),要準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)這個含義應(yīng)選擇considerate。

        另外,我們常見的一些累贅用詞表現(xiàn)在句意的理解上。

        比如:He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。他有多年經(jīng)商的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

        actual是多余的,因?yàn)閑xperience已經(jīng)有actual的意味了。

        We assembled(together) all the parts for our radio.我們裝好收音機(jī)的零件。

        assemble本身就有together的意思,因此together是多余的?!?/p>

        二、平等相處原則

      2013年4月托??荚囕o導(dǎo):toefl作文寫作149-150

      04-09

      標(biāo)簽: 托福作文 toefl寫作

       

        149. PR In your country, is there more need for land to be left in its natural condition or is there more need for land to be developed for housing and industry? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

        Even though our population is increasing and land is needed for housing and development. I hope that our country will saved the land in its natural state for future generations to enjoy. This land would be good for promoting tourism, for preserving the environment, and for remembering our history.

        Although tourism has many negative side effects, it is an industry that can create enormous revenues. Tourism of course needs something to see. They will not come to our country to see rows of apartment buildings or new industrial parks. What is interesting for tourists is the pristine countryside that our country is known for.

        Preserving the land as it is, would be good for the environment. More factories and other industries would further pollute our rivers and air. We need frees and wide open spaces to make us feel like humans, not machines.

        Untouched land reminds us of our history. When we walk through the countryside, we can imagine our ancestors on the same path. If we cover the earth with asphalt and concrete, we will loose touch with our past. We will forget our roots.

        Preserving the land is good not only for the economy and environment, it is good for us as citize...

      2013年4月托??荚囕o導(dǎo):toefl作文寫作的老毛病

      04-09

      標(biāo)簽: toefl作文 托福寫作

       

        1、不一致(Disagreements)

        所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致,它還包括了數(shù)的不一致、時態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等。

        例1. When one have money ,he can do what he want to.

        人一旦有了錢,他就能想干什么就干什么。

        剖析:one是單數(shù)第三人稱,因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has; 同理,want應(yīng)改為wants。本句是典型的主謂不一致。

        改為:Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)

        2、修飾語錯位(Misplaced Modifiers)

        英語與漢語不同,同一個修飾語置于句子不同的位置,句子的含義可能引起變化。對于這一點(diǎn)中國學(xué)生往往沒有引起足夠的重視,因而造成了不必要的誤解。

        例1、 I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.

        剖析:better位置不當(dāng),應(yīng)置于句末。

        3、句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)

        在口語中,交際雙方可借助手勢語氣上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是書面語就不同了,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會令意思表達(dá)不清,這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后,筆者又想加些補(bǔ)充說明時發(fā)生。

        例1、There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.

        剖析:本句后半部分“for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on ?!辈皇且粋€完整的句子,僅為一些不連貫的詞語,不能獨(dú)立成句。

        改為:There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.

        4、懸垂修飾語(Dangling Modifiers)

        所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清。

        例如:At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 這句中“at the age of ten”只點(diǎn)出十歲時,但沒有說明“ 誰”十歲時。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,如果我們把這個懸垂修飾語改明確一點(diǎn),全句就不那么費(fèi)解了。

        改為:When I was ten, my grandfather died.

        例1、To do well in college, good grades are essential.

        剖析:句中不定式短語 “to do well in college” 的邏輯主語不清楚。

        改為:To do well in college, a student needs good ...

      2013年4月托??荚囕o導(dǎo):toefl作文寫作材料之健康

      04-09

      標(biāo)簽: toefl作文 托福寫作

       

        托福寫作的題材涉及面很廣,不過很多都是跟我們的生活息息相關(guān)的事物和現(xiàn)象,所以我們可以在托福寫作備考的時候抓住一些易考點(diǎn)搜集托福寫作素材,一旦考到類似的作文題目,也有話可談,下面,我們就來積累一些“關(guān)于健康”的托福寫作素材。

        1.運(yùn)動

        In contemporary society, a multitude of people are increasingly aware of the fundamentality of maintaining health, so as to enjoying better life quality and longevity. In order to possess a healthy body, not only need we keep a nutritious diet and adequate sleep, it is crucial for individuals to form the habit of exercising regularly, as sports and health are intrinsically connected. Doing sports will greatly increase people's metabolism, and strengthen our physique. Sports also help to refresh people's mind from brainwork all day and night, and even more surprisingly, exercising can stimulate people's brains to work more actively and creatively. Overall, sports are not the business of a small group of athletes, but a life-long pursuit that every person should bear in mind and endeavor to put it into practice. Not only do sports benefit individuals, the improvement of the nation's health would be a huge contribution to our country's development.

        We might also cite an allegorical story. It is said that an individual’s life is accompanied with five balls, which are lover, family, career, health and friend. Lover, family, career and friends are all rubber balls, consequently, it could bound back when falling to ground. On the contrast, health is the unique glass ball, which is fragile enough...

      2013年4月托??荚囕o導(dǎo):toefl作文寫作材料之廣告?zhèn)髅?/a>

       

        托福寫作的題材涉及面很廣,不過很多都是跟我們的生活息息相關(guān)的事物和現(xiàn)象,所以我們可以在托福寫作備考的時候抓住一些易考點(diǎn)搜集托福寫作素材,一旦考到類似的作文題目,也有話可談,下面,我們就來積累一寫“科技傳媒類”的托福寫作素材。

        1.廣告所造成的影響:

        正面影響

        A. For customers, advertising plays an imperative part in making them aware of the worth of the product or service.

        B. For business, advertising facilitates manufacturers in creating product awareness among the public.

        C. Apart from commercial advertising, public service advertisement plays a vital and irreplaceable role in our society.

        負(fù)面影響

        A. Advertisements create stereotyped aesthetic and behavioral models that may influence people’s values early in their lives.

        B. Too many advertisements are seen on TV screens and in newspapers or magazines.

        C. Advertising has an overall adverse impact on children and young people. For example, children or young people often misunderstand advertising which in turn can lead to inappropriate behavior.

        2.傳媒

        Times have not become more violent. They have just become more televised.

        --Marilyn Manson

        The Internet is like alcohol in some sense. It accentuates what you would do anyway. If you want to be a loner, you can be more alone. If you want to connect, it makes it easier to connect.

        censorship

        fraud

        Do you think all the news is true?

        Not all the news is true. Broadsheet newspapers some...

      2013年4月托??荚囕o導(dǎo):toefl作文寫作暗喻(2)

      04-09

      標(biāo)簽: toefl作文 托福寫作

       

        上次簡單地介紹了一些英語暗喻的用法實(shí)例,這次我們繼續(xù),并且討論擬人的用法。

        1.You need to budget your time.

        做一下時間上的安排

        budget原意是“做預(yù)算”,這里就是說“做一下時間上的安排”

        2.Put aside some time for ping pong.

        預(yù)留一些時間

        put aside原先和money搭配,比如:Put aside some money for your retirement. 表示“存錢”,這里的意思就是要“預(yù)留一些時間”

        3.Is that worth your while?

        這樣做,對你有好處嗎

        while原意表示“一段時間”,這里意思就是說“這值得你去這樣做嗎?”或者說“這樣做,對你有好處嗎?”

        4.Do you have much time left?

        5.He's living on borrowed time.

        他可能不久就要過世了。(大限已近)

        (living) on borrowed time或者be on borrowed time的意思就是說“很可能要失敗了或者說很可能要死了?!北热纾篢he government is living on borrowed time. 這個政府可能馬上就要倒臺了。

        6.You don't use your time profitably.

        你沒有有效利用時間。

        profitable原意是指“有利潤的;贏利的”

        7.I lost a lot of time when I got sick.

        8.Thank you for your time.

        Personification 擬人

        1.His theory explained to me the behaviors of chickens raised in factories.

        2.This fact argues against the standard theories.

        3.Life has cheated me.

        4.Inflation is eating up our profits.

        通貨膨脹把利潤都抵消了

        Eat up原意是“吃完”的意思,這里就是“通貨膨脹把利潤都抵消了?!?/p>

        5.His religion tells him that he cannot drink fine French wines.

        6.The Michelson-Morley experiment gave birth to a new physical theory.

        7.Cancer finally caught up with him.

        這里的catch up with 表示 “對。。。產(chǎn)生影響”

        8.Inflation has att...

      2013年4月托??荚囕o導(dǎo):toefl作文寫作暗喻(1)

      04-09

      標(biāo)簽: 托福作文 toefl寫作

       

        像中文一樣,英語當(dāng)中也有暗喻(metaphor)。 文中的例子來自《Metaphors we live by》這本書。掌握些暗喻,會使得我們的英文書面和口頭表達(dá)更加地道。比如“這場辯論是一場沒有硝煙的戰(zhàn)爭。”這句話就是一句典型的暗喻,主體就是 “辯論是戰(zhàn)爭”翻譯成英文就是:ARGUMENT IS WAR

        示例:

        1.He attacked every weak point in my argument.

        他對我的辯詞中的薄弱點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了猛烈地攻擊。

        2.His criticisms were right on target.

        他的批評切入要害。

        target原意是“目標(biāo),靶子”,那right on target就是說“正中靶子”

        3.I demolished his argument.

        我駁倒了他的觀點(diǎn)

        demolish有“拆毀,拆除(建筑物)”的意思,而在這里就是“推翻,駁倒(觀點(diǎn)或理論)”

        4.I've never won an argument with him.

        我辯不過他

        5.You disagree? Okay, shoot!

        你不同意是吧,好,那你反駁啊!

        shoot原意是:“開槍”,而在這里意譯就是“反駁”

        5.If you use that strategy, he'll wipe you out.

        strategy 原意是“戰(zhàn)略,策略,行動計劃等”

        wipe 原意是“(用手、布)擦干凈,抹掉”

        這里wipe you out就表示“徹底打敗你”或者說“徹底駁倒你”

        6.He shot down all of my arguments.

        shoot down原意是“擊落,擊倒”,這里就是“駁倒”的意思。

        7.我們平時時常講這樣一句話:“一寸光陰一寸金。”

        簡單來說就是“時間是錢”

        翻成英文就是“TIME IS MONEY”

        這是一句我們平時生活中很典型的暗喻,因?yàn)闀r間和金錢有著一些很相似的特征:有限,寶貴等等。對應(yīng)成英語可以說:Time is money. Time is a limited resource. Time is a valuable commodity.

        由于這樣的一些相似性,于是便有以下一些例子的用法:

        a.You're wasting my time.

        b.This gadget will save you hours.

        這個小裝置可以幫你省很多時間。

        c.I don't have the time to give you.

        d.How do you spend your time these days?

        e.That flat tire cost me an hour.

        (修理)這個爆胎(漏氣車胎)花了我一個小時。

      2013年4月托??荚囕o導(dǎo):toefl作文寫作的套路

      04-09

       

        一、綜合寫作

        之前就聽到很多大牛們說綜合寫作只要把聽力的內(nèi)容寫得越多越詳細(xì),分?jǐn)?shù)就越高,所以對綜合寫作的聽力總懷有畏懼心理。

        現(xiàn)在想想,練過聽力和口語之后,這里的聽力也沒那么可怕。我只練過2篇綜合寫作,一篇是在課上,而且只練了做筆記沒有實(shí)際去寫,第二篇就是TPO里的。

        考場上我聽得也不是很好,只是把分論點(diǎn)以及一些細(xì)節(jié)聽到了,有幾個例子的都沒怎么記下來,最后兩句還沒聽清…不過那個好像對分論點(diǎn)沒太大影響,是個擴(kuò)展的內(nèi)容…總之就是聽得不是特別好,但開頭段按自己琢磨好的句式那樣寫,接下來的幾段也是不停地敲啊敲,敲了好多字上去,總算在1分鐘前寫完了。最后的結(jié)果竟然是Good(4-5分)。

        看來綜合寫作對聽力的要求真的不是大家想象的那么高,其實(shí)無非就是把教授如何反駁文章中三個分論點(diǎn)挺清楚,例子都是閱讀文章里的所以不用記,聽力里主要是在講閱讀文章中的例子有哪些缺陷或不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)牡胤?,從而無法成為有效的論據(jù),甚至成為別的觀點(diǎn)的論據(jù)……這一思路其實(shí)很想GRE寫作里的 Argument,所以我在考場上用了很多當(dāng)初準(zhǔn)備argument時候的句式和表達(dá),都可以通用的。

        這一類的寫作模式很固定,我覺得看幾篇范文自己練幾篇找到適合自己的寫作套路(尤其開頭段,自己事先想好,因?yàn)榫C合寫作模式都很固定,所以可以用同一個開頭模板寫任何內(nèi)容,開頭精彩的話會給考官好印象的,盡管他自己可能不承認(rèn)被外表的美吸引了。)我自己沒練過太多所以更多的經(jīng)驗(yàn)也沒法寫了,只能說 GRE的基礎(chǔ)讓我的作文有所受益,但每個人只要認(rèn)真寫幾篇肯定也會熟能生巧。

        二、獨(dú)立寫作

        自己練過的那一篇是不限時寫的,花了大概一個多小時,然后用了半天時間去修改?;旧厦恳欢味加写蟮母膭?,加了不少自己認(rèn)為很漂亮的段落或句子,改完之后還比較滿意。

        其實(shí)改的過程就是一個提高的過程,千萬不能寫完了不改就扔在一邊,那樣只能停留在原來的水平。推薦大家先不限時寫幾篇,寫完一篇就立刻打印出來逐字逐句修改(電腦上改容易偷懶),把過于簡單的詞和句子一一替換,注意別用太難的詞和沒把握的詞,能用到6級詞匯就差不多了,心情好了再拽兩個托福詞匯上去也就足夠了。

        我覺得最好用的就是形容詞和副詞,可以記幾個托福水平的精彩形容詞和副詞,這在寄托太傻上面多的是,選擇自己看著順眼的,在平凡的名詞前加好看的形容詞,在平淡的句子里隨處放置搶眼的副詞,這樣文章一下子就豐富起來了。

        還有一招我每次考試必用的,就是插入語。比如“However, I maintain that…”就有意識地改成“I maintain, however, that…”哪怕是用正常的語序敲出來了,也要刪掉把它重新改成插入語,因?yàn)檫@樣可以避免每次都用過于明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折詞開頭,也算句式變換的一種吧。

        總之別人沒寫自己寫了,那體現(xiàn)出來的就叫差距。當(dāng)然也不能每句都這么寫,太刻意了,其他可以當(dāng)插入語的還有很多,像什么”personally”, “to some extent”,“therefore”等等,是個副詞就可以往里插的,加入這些詞往往會使觀點(diǎn)看起來更客觀。不過前提是保持語義完整,還有就是讀起來要通順……不然就適得其反了。

        改作文還需要做的一點(diǎn)就是用新東方的講義也好網(wǎng)友總結(jié)的也好,找...

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